History of South and Central America

South America started out as a very uncivilized, decentralized area. A few kingdoms ruled small parts of South America, but the other areas were mostly the domain of chiefdoms and small tribal nations.

The two main kingdoms were the Chimu and Incan empires. The Incan empire was located in modern day Peru, and was the strongest empire until the Europeans came and took over. Macchu Picchu is an Incan city that survived the Spaniard invasions, and is now one of the most popular tourist attractions in the world.

After Christopher Columbus made his voyage, people from Europe slowly started coming to the Americas. The Spaniards and Portuguese colonized vast amounts of land and decimated the tribes, including the Incans and the Chimu, who both fought against them.

In Central America, a similar thing happened. At first, there were lots of small tribes and three small empires, the Aztec, the Tarasco, and the Maya. But then the Spanish came and wiped out all three of them completely. They even took over land as far as northern California and Florida!

The Caribbean also experienced a lot of colonization in a short period of time. The slave trade was a big business in this area, and continued until the 18th century, when it was abolished. Most of these islands are independent and are their own nations today, but a few still owe allegiance to European countries.

Three Things I can Change to Use Time Better

There are many ways to use time, but only some are worthwhile. These are three things that I can change to use time better.

The first way is by using a calendar. Using a calendar helps me plan out my time for a week or so in advance. You could use a paper one, or an electronic one, but I really like Google Calendar. It lets me make events that repeat every week, and I can create different calendars for different parts of my life, which is very useful.

Another good habit is spending less time on unnecessary tasks before or while you are getting work done. If you practice this often, it can become a good habit. If I am playing games or doing other unimportant things, this will take time away from when I could be doing something much more important.

Finally, a good idea would be to set aside time each day or week for rest and recreation. For me, this would be around 5-6 o’clock. At that time I will take a break, from school and from work. That way, I won’t be tempted to waste time while I should be doing schoolwork.

All of these things will help me to use my time better.

History of Africa

Africa is one of the most diverse continents on earth. Africa is also a very populated continent. A lot of large civilizations are based around the Nile River, the longest river in the world. Egypt, Nubia, and Ethiopia were the biggest civilizations in Africa up to the 1800s.

Egypt was the most well-known and most powerful country in Africa. The country was based around the Nile River, where crops flourished. Egypt grew very wealthy under the rule of their pharaohs. Rome conquered Egypt around 31 BC and remained in control of it for a long time, until the fall of the Roman Empire. Egypt’s main religion was Islam.

Nubia was another powerful country located south of Egypt. They remained independent of Egypt, but started to decline at around 400 AD. Nubia was thought to be the place where ironworking originated.

Ethiopia, also called Axum, was unique in that it remained independent for its whole history. It was particularly strong and rich during the first century under its line of powerful kings. It was built up through trade along the coast of the Red Sea. Ethiopia was influenced by Egyptian and Greek culture.

In the west and south of Africa, lots of small tribal nations flourished, and they fought with each other but stayed mostly independent. The Europeans would buy prisoners of war from the different tribes, and the slave trade boomed. The rest of Africa stayed very decentralized until more modern times.

Africa had lots of natural resources, but most remained unused until the Europeans showed up and started to rapidly colonize Africa. They made lots of money off of the natural resources that they had discovered.

Africa has been fighting for independence from other countries for a long time, but they still need their support to advance.